Oil burner



Jan. 5,1926. 1,568,587

(3. C. CUSHMAN OIL BURNER Filed Feb. 19, 1925 2 Sheets-$heet1 f w iii-221212301 ifflwlia'it aikmalz I??? Wang? Jan. 5 1926, Y 1,568,587

'C..C.CUSHMAN OILBURNER Filed Feb. 19, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Jan. 5, 1926.

Application ma I'ebnary to, 1m. seinu r6.

To all whom it may comm:

Be it known that I, Cumulus C. Comm,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Auburn, county of Androscoggin, State of 6 Maine, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oil Burners, of which the following is a specification.

The substitution of liquid'fuel for hard fuel for combustion in heating, involves 10 many and varied factors, as the prior. art

well illustrates. My present invention aproaches the problem from a conception of tundamental simplicity. The earliest and simplest forms of burners were of the bowl ll type. Such a burner has many advantages,

but there has grown up an astonishing multitude of complications and diiliculties in its actual use.

Inadequate combustion, with all the undeso sirable resultants thereof, has been an in superable determent to the employment of such an otherwise promising systems In m invention, it would seem; at .first' that I ave reverted to earlier gpesgbut ll through my inventionl have pr ucedfjresults entirely novel and, therefore, present my invention as one novel and distinctive. Without preliminar discussion of details I will proceed to a disc osure of an apparatus so illustrative of my invention, and showing both. principlerand practical usage. The

accompanying drawings are generally illusf 'trative of my invention-, but I have shown therein various features of important de- 35 tail. In these drawingm 1 Fig. l is ageneral view of an installation in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is an elevation of the fire t unit. vFig. .3 is a vertical section of t e .same. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on line 4-4,

iigt is aplan view-of the fire box euiment.

Fi g. Bis a side elevation thereof.

4| Fig. is a section on the line.7-7 of Fig.6, and

ig. 8 is a sectional view of one of my vapgrizing nozzles dealing with my a paratus, we may I? consider as a common con 'tion, the presence of a domestic heater of steam, hot water or siderably in style, form and dimension,

hot' air type having a fire box"orash chamber with a more or of rectangular form. J H

While various'd'o'mestic heaters vary 1- e fire door is usually more or less standard.

less standard door .1 am,- therefore, able to prlovidle a zilngle 1 ya apta e to simple unit adapted or rea the average heater.

As shown, it may comprise but a draft chamber 1 provided at its outer end with a" flanged shield 1 which may fitted to block the usual'fire door through which the apparatus is projected-into the heater. The

chamber 1 may be formed'with a receptacle 7 .2 where water is to be kept in moistening relation to the draft, and s preferably disposed between the forwardend of the chamber and the bowl or burner B, which is disposed atthe rear of the chamber.

The burner 3 "s preferably of general cylindrical shape,-h'aving an open top and'a plurality of radial, u wardly-inclincd intake ports 31, above which the wall of the burner is piercedby'a series of auxiliary intake openings 32. :The ports 31 deliver air centrally o fvthe burner, while the ports 32' provide a eriphe'ral draft, thereby givin more per set combustion.

into the side of the bowl, preferably at about the zone of the airports 31, is a nozzle i preferably of cast iron, and formed with small fins 4' and with acoupling memher 4. My supply pipe 5 connects directly to this nozzle! and is controlled by a valve '6. 1 preferably also provide an overflow outlet '7, from which a pipe Sleads to any desired shut-off apparatus, so that in case the burner is exti uished, the flow through the feed pipe 5 w' be oh ed.

My burner nozzles 4 may be .adj, 'bly mounted as with a cylindrical-bearing 4, so it can be pro'ected within the bowl 3 for a predetermin distance, according to. the type of fuel to be burned. With the'heavier' fuels, the nozzle 4 extends well across the bowl, whereas with the lighter fuels, it onl enters the bowl fora short Wi such' a type of burner I am ableto secure an entirelysatisfactory combustion of any of the or mary fuel oils and v such combustion in suitable working relation to any ordinary type of heater.

ll find it of great importance to provide certain regulation in order to get the highest perfection of results with such a simple burner. My chamber 1 ives me a bodyof reheated air on whic the burner can raw. To better control the air sup ly of the chamber 1,; I provide a draft 001' 9 preferably hinged at its top and balanced y a Wei ht W. This door leads directly into the c amber l and is slotted to permit the passage of the pipes 5 and 8. It, therefore, permits air to enter the chamber 1, where it is warmed, and if the water tank 2 is filled, is also moistened ready to be drawn into the bowl 3.

As before described, an air supply is drawn from the chamber 1" in through the intakes 31, where it provides the necessary.

oxygen for the flame adjacent the center thereof. Another portion of the air passes through the holes 32 to give additional cry ten to the bod of the flame just below the ip' of the bowl? The bowlis primed in the usual manner by a little kerosene whereupon the nozzle 4 is heated so that almost immediately, after the fuel is admitted through the pipe 5 it begins to 1 a state. My draft door 9 as before described, be-

ing balanced tends to close with the draft,

of the chamber 1 according to the demands of the burner, and the cooperating factor of the flue draft. The supply pipe 5 is provided with. a control valve 6 having an arm 6 connecting withone branch of the chain C, of a chain C.' The other branch C is connected with the draft door 9 so that the draft door andvalve operate simultaneously to give an increase in air supply as the fuel. supply is increased. This not only;

keeps a. proper balance and proportion be tween the flame and the air supply so that j a clean. hot flame is produced, but it prevents any possibility of the extinguishment of the flame by overdraft when the fuel is cut low. Ahand lever C is also provided where it is desired'to-regulate the burner by. manual 1 control.

The chain may be operated by any suit-- able: typeof thermostatic control which it is not necessary to show, and the overflow .d-may have any desired type ofshut off which it is also unnecessary to illustrate.

..My chamberl may beof any light and inexpensive material such'as sheet iron and the flange '1 is'preferably of such material so that it can bereadily trimmed to fit the size ofthefire' doorof the heater to which it is to be applied. For this purpose, the shield 1 is deliberately made oversize so as ta accommodate the largest doors whether asify and be projected into the.

the draft pipes.

ing uniform the volatilization of the fuel.

My apparatus maybe variously designed for combination with various types of heaters, but the form shown is adapted to almost all ordinary types of heaters and has many advantages in the simplicity of its construction.

What I therefore claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is;

1. In combinationwith a domestic heater, an intake chamber projected within the the door of the heater and having a draft door, a burner bowl set in said chamber and projecting through the top thereof and having lateral intakedraft pipes leading from the chamber to Within the walls of the bowl to supply air centrally of the b'urner, said bowl wall having a plurality of smaller draft openings above said draft pipes for supplying air and adjacent the lip thereof, and a fuel nozzle radially of the bowl and projecting between the draft pipes.

2. In combination with a domestic heater,

an intake chamber projected within the lire door of the heater and having a draft door, a burner bowl set in said chamber and projecting through the top thereof and having lateral intake draft pipes leading from the 3. In an oilburning apparatus for do nicsticheaters, an intake chamber projected within the fire door of the heater and having a gravity controlled draft door for said chamber, a burner bowl set in said chamber and projecting through the top thereof and having lateral v upwardly inclined intake draft pipes leadin within the walls of the bowl to supply air centrally of the burner, said bowl wallshaving a plurality of smaller: draft-*openings above said. draft pi es for supiplying a1r peripherally of the owl anda jacent the lip thereof, and a'fuel nozzle "adjustable radially of the bowl and projecting between 4. In an oil burning apparatusfor domestic heaters, an intake chamber pro'ected within the fire door of the heater an havinga gravity controlled draft door for said chamber, a burner bowl set iflsaidchalmbef and projecting through the top thereof, draft -pipes'leading from' said "intake chamber into from the chamber to ally of the bowl and rojecting between the limit pipes, and a fue supply connected with said nozzle.

5. In an oil burning apparatus for do- 5 mestic heaters, a burner bowl having lateral intake draft pipes leading from the chain ber to within the walls of the bowl to suppl air centrally 6f the burner, said bowl wal having a pluralit of smaller draft openings above said d air eri herally of the bowl and a aeent the ip thereof, a' fuel noz'zle radiall of the bowl and projecting between the dra' t pipes.

In testimony whereof I afligr my signature. v I

' CHARLES C. CUSHMAN.

aft pipes for supplying J 

